我正在使用如下所示的显式等待来检查元素是否可点击。
WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(
expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#search")))
但是我收到错误
<class 'selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException'>
Message: The command 'GET /session/.../displayed' was not found.
如果我使用time.sleep()
,它可以正常工作,而不是明确的等待,它可以正常工作。我已将 safari 驱动程序初始化为
from selenium.webdriver import Safari
driver = Safari()
这是堆栈跟踪
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/support/wait.py", line 71, in until
value = method(self._driver)
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/support/expected_conditions.py", line 283, in __call__
element = visibility_of_element_located(self.locator)(driver)
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/support/expected_conditions.py", line 127, in __call__
return _element_if_visible(_find_element(driver, self.locator))
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/support/expected_conditions.py", line 147, in _element_if_visible
return element if element.is_displayed() == visibility else False
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py", line 490, in is_displayed
return self._execute(Command.IS_ELEMENT_DISPLAYED)['value']
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webelement.py", line 628, in _execute
return self._parent.execute(command, params)
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 314, in execute
self.error_handler.check_response(response)
File "/Users/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 242, in check_response
raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
WebDriverException: Message: The command 'GET /session/7.../displayed' was not found.
请您参考如下方法:
此错误消息...
<class 'selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException'>
Message: The command 'GET /session/.../displayed' was not found.
...意味着 GET 请求 /session/{session id}/element/{element id}/displayed
失败。
显示元素
根据 WebDriver W3C Editor's Draft element displayed算法是一个 bool 状态,其中 true
表示该元素已显示并且 false
表示该元素不显示。要计算元素的状态,请调用 Call(bot.dom.isShown, null, element)
。如果这样做不会产生错误,则返回此函数调用的返回值。否则返回错误,并带有错误代码未知错误。
此函数通常会暴露给 URI 模板为
的 GET 请求/session/{session id}/element/{element id}/displayed
<小时 />
分析
您已调用:
WebDriverWait(driver, 30).until(expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#search")))
element_to_be_clickable()
类内部调用 visibility_of_element_located()
定义为:
class element_to_be_clickable(object):
""" An Expectation for checking an element is visible and enabled such that you can click it."""
def __init__(self, locator):
self.locator = locator
def __call__(self, driver):
element = visibility_of_element_located(self.locator)(driver)
if element and element.is_enabled():
return element
else:
return False
现在,visibility_of_element_located()
类(class)返回_element_if_visible(_find_element(driver, self.locator))
其定义为:
class visibility_of_element_located(object):
""" An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a
page and visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed
but also has a height and width that is greater than 0.
locator - used to find the element
returns the WebElement once it is located and visible
"""
def __init__(self, locator):
self.locator = locator
def __call__(self, driver):
try:
return _element_if_visible(_find_element(driver, self.locator))
except StaleElementReferenceException:
return False
再次,_element_if_visible()
返回element if element.is_displayed() == visibility else False
其定义为:
def _element_if_visible(element, visibility=True):
return element if element.is_displayed() == visibility else False
所以,如 if()
element.is_displayed() == visibility
的状况失败,因此您会看到错误为 GET
向 /session/{session id}/element/{element id}/displayed
请求 端点失败。
如果没有相关的 HTML 和之前的步骤,很难猜测确切的原因,但可能是以下任一原因:
<小时 />原因
NoSuchElementException 的原因可能是以下任一原因:
- 您采用的定位器策略未识别 HTML DOM 中的任何元素.
- 您采用的定位器策略无法识别该元素,因为它不在浏览器的 Viewport 内.
- 您采用的定位器策略标识了该元素,但由于属性style="display: none;"的存在而不可见。
- 您采用的定位器策略无法唯一标识HTML DOM中所需的元素,并且当前会找到一些其他隐藏/不可见元素。
- 您尝试查找的WebElement位于
<iframe>
内标签。
解决方案
解决NoSuchElementException的解决方案可以是以下任一:
采用Locator Strategy它唯一标识所需的WebElement。您可以借助开发人员工具(Ctrl+Shift+I 或 F12)并使用元素检查器。
在这里您可以找到关于 how to inspect element in selenium3.6 as firebug is not an option any more for FF 56? 的详细讨论
使用
execute_script()
滚动元素查看的方法如下:elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("element_xpath") driver.execute_script("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", elem)
在这里您可以找到关于 Scrolling to top of the page in Python using Selenium 的详细讨论
如果元素具有属性style="display: none;",请通过
executeScript()
删除该属性方法如下:elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("element_xpath") driver.execute_script("arguments[0].removeAttribute('style')", elem) elem.send_keys("text_to_send")
检查元素是否在
<iframe>
内向上遍历 HTML 以找到相应的<iframe>
标签和switchTo()
通过以下任一方法获取所需的iframe:driver.switch_to.frame("iframe_name") driver.switch_to.frame("iframe_id") driver.switch_to.frame(1) // 1 represents frame index
在这里您可以找到关于 How can I select a html element no matter what frame it is in in selenium? 的详细讨论.